Links and References

Specific references are detailed within the pages. The following links are overviews, general sources and complete documents addressing the topic.

General Resources

[ 1] From the University of Michigan Global Change Project. (Page copyright date 2000). A good, general site.

Introduction to Ocean Iron Fertilization: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~rstey/Site%20files/Introduction.html

[ 2] Presentations from the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography "Ocean Fertilization Symposium", April 25th 2001. And excellent overview of the whole issue.

• Ocean Fertilization. An overview of the Issues. Penny Chisholm
• The Biological Pump and the Ocean Carbon Cycle. D. Karl
• Overview of Fe Enrichment Experiments in the Open Ocean. K.Coale
• The Law of the Sea:London Convention and Kyoto Accord as it Relates to Ocean Enrichment. G. Holland
• (Biogeochemical manipulation of Aquatic Ecosystems - what we can learn from Limnology. J. Cole)
• Uncertain Relationships Between Scientific Research and Commercial Interest in Ocean Fertilization. J. Cullen

Transcripts and presentation slides: http://www.aslo.org/meetings/carbon2001/index.html

[ 3] "Legal and Political Aspects of Enhanced Natural Carbon Sequestration in the Southern Ocean" Dr Julia Jabour-Green. November 2001

The Australian Academy of Technological Sciences and Engineering http://www.atse.org.au/publications/symposia/proc-2001p7.htm

[ 4] Pages within the MIT-WHOI (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)) Joint Program in Oceanography, e.g.

Iron fertilization, Ken Buesseler (around 2001) http://web.mit.edu/mit-whoi/www/research/co/iron_fertilization.html

[5] The iron hypothesis: Basic research meets environmental policy" in 'Reviews of Geophysics' Vol. 33. 1995. Sallie W. Chisolm http://www.agu.org/revgeophys/chisho00/chisho00.html

Commercial View

[ 6] Planktos. This organisation claims to be a non-profit making NGO, but is funded by the US government and US power-companies. This is an extremely persuasive site in favour of commercial iron-fertilization. Last updated, 17th September 2003.

Planktos: http://www.planktos.com

[ 7] GreenSea Venture Inc. http://www.greenseaventure.com/index.html

Sites and articles questioning the proposals

[ *] A critical review of ocean fertilization methods proposed for addressing the problem of anthropogenic CO2 emissions in the atmosphere.Jagat Adhiya and Sallie W. Chisholm (September 2001)

“Is Ocean Fertilisation a good carbon sequestration option?” From the MIT site: http://www.mit.edu

[ *] Dis-Crediting Ocean Fertilization Sallie W. Chisholm, Paul G. Falkowski, John J. Cullen "Science" Volume 294, Number 5541, Issue of 12 Oct 2001, pp. 309-310.

[ *]"CLIMATE CHANGE: Will Ocean Fertilization Work? Ken O. Buesseler and Philip W. Boyd" Science Volume 300, Number 5616, Issue of 4 Apr 2003.

[ *] "Storage of carbon dioxide by greening the oceans?" Dorothee C.E. Bakker, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia. Pre-publication version dated March 2003.

[ *] Climate Engineering: A critical review of proposals, their scientific and political context, and possible impacts. compiled for Scientists For Global Responsibility. Ben Matthews. November 1996: http://chooseclimate.org/cleng/

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[ *] http://

Expeditions and Experiments

This section indicates diaries and cruise reports where available, and the major scientific publications for each.

IronEx I 1993

IronEx I: October 1993 on the good ship Columbus Iselin. A contemporary web-source for an expedition description is not available, as this was pre-web days. The following article inlcudes an overview.

[description] : Dumping Iron. Ecohacker Michael Markels claims he has a megafix for global warming: Supercharge the growth of ocean plankton with vitamin Fe and let a zillion CO2 scrubbers bloom. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/8.11/ecohacking_pr.html

[science] "Testing the iron hypothesis in ecosystems of the equatorial Pacific Ocean" Martin et al. 1994 Nature 371, 123-129. [No OU-access is available for archived "Nature" magazines]

IronEx II 1996

[description]: "Iron Fertilization Causes Plankton Bloom; Scientists Link Iron To Climate Change": ...On an oceanographic research cruise called "IronEx II," led by scientists from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories (MLML) in California, 37 scientists from 13 institutions in the U.S., England, and Mexico "fertilized" with iron a patch of ocean waters some 800 miles west of the Galapagos Islands...

IronEx II : Press release from The National Science Foundation (NSF), an independent agency of the U.S. Government http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/press/pr9655.htm

[science] "A massive phytoplankton bloom induced by an ecosystem-scale iron fertilization experiment in the equatorial Pacific Ocean". Coale et al. 1996 Nature 383, 495-511. (no online link available)

SOIREE 1999

SOIREE: Southern Ocean Iron Release Experiment. Excellent and detailed review by Dr. Philip Boyd in the government (NASA Ocean Color Data Web Site): http://daac.gsfc.nasa.gov/CAMPAIGN_DOCS/OCDST/soiree.html

SOIREE: Project Home site http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/soiree/

[science] "A mesoscale phytoplankton bloom in the polar Southern Ocean stimulated by iron fertilization" Boyd at al. Nature 407, 695-702. 2000.

EisenEx 2000

EisenEx October 2000 - December 2000. "What is the effect of iron enrichment on the ecosystem and on biogeochemical cycles in the HNLC Southern Ocean?"

EisenEx Cruise Diary: http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/Biomeer/eisenex-e.html

"EisenEx: International team conducts iron experiment in Southern Ocean". Smekatec. US JGOFS News, January 11 2001 http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/general_info/newsletter.html

SEEDS 2001

SEEDS: Preliminary Results of Subarctic Pacific Iron Experiment for Ecosystem Dynamics Study (SEEDS) in 2001 and 2002

SEEDS (Japanese MAFF): http://home.hiwaay.net/~tjreese/cgiproxy/nph-proxy.cgi/000001A/http/www.maff.go.jp/mud/476.html

"A mesoscale iron enrichment in the western Subarctic Pacific induces a large centric diatom bloom" Tsuda et al. Science 300: 958-961. 2003

SoFeX 2002

SOFeX: Southern Ocean Iron Experiment Cruise diary. (January 5th - February 26th)

SOFeX Cruise Log: http://www.mbari.org/expeditions/SOFeX2002/

SERIES 2002

SERIES: the Subarctic Ecosystem Response to Iron Enrichment Study

SERIES: (pdf download) http://pices.ios.bc.ca/Library/PicesPress/Jan03/Series.pdf

Research Abstracts

Very many research papers can be accessed from the American Geophysical Union (AGU). Especially the 2002 Ocean Sciences Meeting.

"AGU is a worldwide scientific community that advances, through unselfish cooperation in research, the understanding of Earth and space for the benefit of humanity." http://www.agu.org

My Hobby-site

The information that I couldn't fit here.... http://www.bbm.me.uk/FeFert