Geology of Portsdown Hill Table of Contents

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	Table of Contents for The Geology Of Portsdown Hill The Geology of Portsdown Hill The Geology of Portsdown Hill About this site, and its status About Status Geology of Portsdown Hill Table of Contents Table of Contents for The Geology Of Portsdown Hill Where is Portsdown Hill? Portsdown within the geology of the UK The Varied Geology of the UK Sedimentary, from youngest to oldest: Igneous and Metamorphic Hampshire geology within the UK Moving Continents Moving Continents The History of Continental Drift The History of Continental Drift The History of Continental Drift - Before Wegener The History of Continental Drift - Before Wegener Earliest Thoughts Sir Francis Bacon Descartes and the Church Archbishop James Ussher and Genesis The Rejection of Genesis Les Époques de la Nature - Georges Louis Leclerc Other Major Figures Benjamin Franklin James Hutton Alexander von Humbolt Early Theories The Contracting Earth Geological uplift 'Mighty Creeping Movements' Alfred Wegener The History of Continental Drift - Alfred Wegener Birth of a Dream The Restrictions of Specialising The Meteorologist in Greenland Problems with the Contracting Earth Theory "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" Horizontal movement Continental 'fit' Climatic Evidence Pangea The Lack of a Process Rejection of the Theory Allies Reasons for Rejection Theories of Continental Configuration, post-Wegener The History of Continental Drift - Theories after Alfred Wegener First Seafloor Explorations Maurice Ewing Seafloor surprises The first sea floor map Deep-sea Earthquakes Heat Flow The first description of the sea floor map "The History of Ocean Basins" Harry H. Hess The Discovery of Palaeomagnetism The Discovery of Palaeomagnetism and Acceptance of Continental Drift Palaeomagnetism The Palaeomagnetism of the British Isles Patrick M. S. Blackett Polar Wandering Palaeomagnetism of the World Polar Reversals Seafloor magnetism Vine and Matthews Proof and Acceptance Tuzo Wilson The Cambridge Conclave Sykes and Transform Faults Fossil Evidence 'Continental Drift' v 'Plate Tectonics' Plate Tectonics The Theory of Plate Tectonics Continental Plates Continental crust Oceanic crust Combination crust Continental Movement, Collision and Destruction Continent meets Ocean Continent meets Continent Ocean meets Ocean Ring of Fire Continental Creation Hot Spots Hawaii Iceland The African Rift The Geography of the Prehistoric World Palaeogeography World-view Palaeography Triassic Overview The British Isles in the Triassic Jurassic Overview The British Isles in the Jurassic Cretaceous World View The British Isles in the Cretaceous Cenozoic World View The Himalayas The Mountains of Europe The Tethys and the Mediterranean The Future Alternative Views Alternative Views Creationism Expanding Earth The Cretaceous Earth The Cretaceous Earth The Duration of the Cretaceous The Duration of the Cretaceous Boundaries of the Cretaceous The Beginning of the Cretaceous The End of the Cretaceous The Environment of the Cretaceous The Environment of the Cretaceous The Appearance of the World The High Sea Level Climate and the High Temperature The World During the Cretaceous The World during the Cretaceous Polar Forests Deccan Traps Chalk Seas Life in the Cretaceous Life in the Cretaceous The Marine Environment of the Cretaceous The Cretaceous Marine Environment of Portsdown Hill Fossils Fossils The History of Fossils The History of Fossils Popular Myths Snakes Heads Devils Toenails Tonguestones Robert Plot Links to Plates from Plot's "Natural History of Oxfordshire" The Study of Fossils Fossils Why Study Fossils? Preservation - How fossils are formed Fossil Classifications Living and Feeding Habitats Feeding methods Fossils Found at Portsdown Fossils of Portsdown Echinoids Ammonites Belemnites Fossil Species Fossils Echinoids Echinoids Echinoidea Class Skeleton Morphology Spines Body Cavity Regular and Irregular forms Regular Echinoids Irregular Echinoids Ammonites Ammonites Introduction to Ammonoidea Reconstructing the life habit and anatomy Morphology Siphuncle Sutures Head Living Habits Belemnites Belemnites Morphology Bivalves Bivalves Brachiopods Brachiopods The Rocks of Portsdown The Rocks of Portsdown Hill The chalk of Portsdown Hill The Chalk of Portsdown Hill Introduction to Portsdown Chalk within the UK "chalk" v "Chalk" Chalk - a type of limestone Sedimentary rocks Limestone Carbonate rocks What makes Chalk? Coccoliths in Chalk Other components of chalk Conditions of chalk formation The varying hardness of chalk Chemical and mineralogical hardness Physical Processes Erosional surfaces Hardgrounds of Downend Quarry The lack of fossils in chalk The environment indicated by the chalk Worldwide Cretaceous Chalk The Coccoliths of Portsdown Hill The Coccoliths of Portsdown Hill Introduction to coccoliths Coccolithophore structure Coccolithophore Life (Style) Coccolithophore Death (and Chalk formation) The Geological significance of coccolithophores Coccolithophores today The Flints of Portsdown Hill The Flints from Portsdown Hill The principal derivation of flint Flint - a type of Chert The Form of Flint on Portsdown Hill Flint nodules Flint meal Paramoudra Flint Fossils of Flint and in Flint Secondary derivations of Flint Where Portsdown flints are found today Sponges Sponges Introduction Sponge Origins Appearance Morphology The Complexity of Organisation Water Circulation Feeding The Carnivorous exception Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction Living habits Taxonomic Classification Today, and Man's usage Structure The Rocks of Portsdown Hill The geological structure of Hampshire Periods The geological structure of Hampshire Early Interpretation Comparisons with the South West of England The Variscan orogeny Structures trending approximately East-West Structures trending approximately north-west - south-east Stratigraphy Portsdown in Southern England in the UK Chalk Stratigraphy in the UK History Naming Stages The Boreal and Tethyan Realms The Boreal Realm The Tethyan Realm The Northern and Southern Provinces Fauna Migration Tectonics Chalk Rhythms in the Chalk Milankovich Cycles Evidence in the Chalk Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous or Southern England or Portsdown BioStratigraphy Historical Framework Zone markers Correlation Fossils of the Chalk Biostratigraphy / Zonal Fossils of the Chalk Man's Use of Materials from Portsdown Hill General Chalk Flint Buildings from the materials of Portsdown Hill Buildings Guide to the Portsdown Hill site and design conventions Site Key and Guide Conventions used in the presentation of the "Geology of Portsdown Hill" website Design approach used while authoring the "Geology of Portsdown Hill" website Validation awards Tools Used Glossary for the geology of Portsdown Hill Glossary for the Geology of Portsdown Hill Taxonomic Classifications Organism classification and names Taxonomy Relevance to Fossils Classifications Species to Orders Species Genus Family Order Class to Kingdom Class Phylum Kingdom Defining the Hierarchy Evolutionary Taxonomy Numerical Taxonomy Cladism Orbital Forcing - the Milankovich Cycles Croll-Milankovich Cycles and Climate Change Eccentricity Precession Axial tilt The Classification of Geological Time Classification of Geological Time Time Units Boundaries History The 18th Century A First Attempt, 1759 The 19th Century The 20th Century Present Framework Geological Time Units Geological Eons, Eras and Periods Eons Eras The Palaeozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Periods The geology of Portsdown Hill Cretaceous and Cenozoic Epochs Cretaceous Epochs Cenozoic Epochs Upper Cretaceous Chalk Stratigraphy British Cretaceous Chalk Major events in the development of the science of geology Geological Events Local Links relating to Portsdown Hill Links relating to Portsdown Hill The Gosport Museum The Fareham ("Westbury Manor") Museum Friends of Portsdown Hill Southampton Geology Field Study Group Palmerston Forts Society Portsdown Tunnels Links relating to the geology of Portsdown Hill Links relating to the Geology of Portsdown Hill Sources I used for the geology of Portsdown Hill Sources for finding out about the Geology of Portsdown Hill General Sources Palaeogeography Cretaceous Fossils Rocks Chalk Coccoliths Flints Sponges Stratigraphy Geological Time Periods Taxonomy and Evolution Milankovich Acknowledgments for help with the geology of Portsdown Hill Acknowledgements Geological Help General help Specific page help Web Design Help Contacts page about Portsdown Hill Contacts Acknowledgments for help with the geology of Portsdown Hill Navigation: Periods Contacts Geological References Acknowledgments for help with the geology of Portsdown Hill Acknowledgments for help with the geology of Portsdown Hill Navigation: Periods Contacts Geological References Acknowledgments for help with the geology of Portsdown Hill Contacts test Batch TOC The Geology of Portsdown Hill The Geology of Portsdown Hill Where is Portsdown Hill? Portsdown within the geology of the UK The Varied Geology of the UK Sedimentary, from youngest to oldest: Igneous and Metamorphic Hampshire geology within the UK Moving Continents Moving Continents The History of Continental Drift The History of Continental Drift The History of Continental Drift - Before Wegener The History of Continental Drift - Before Wegener Earliest Thoughts Sir Francis Bacon Descartes and the Church Archbishop James Ussher and Genesis The Rejection of Genesis Les Époques de la Nature - Georges Louis Leclerc Other Major Figures Benjamin Franklin James Hutton Alexander von Humbolt Early Theories The Contracting Earth Geological uplift 'Mighty Creeping Movements' Alfred Wegener The History of Continental Drift - Alfred Wegener Birth of a Dream The Restrictions of Specialising The Meteorologist in Greenland Problems with the Contracting Earth Theory "The Origin of Continents and Oceans" Horizontal movement Continental 'fit' Climatic Evidence Pangea The Lack of a Process Rejection of the Theory Allies Reasons for Rejection Theories of Continental Configuration, post-Wegener The History of Continental Drift - Theories after Alfred Wegener First Seafloor Explorations Maurice Ewing Seafloor surprises The first sea floor map Deep-sea Earthquakes Heat Flow The first description of the sea floor map "The History of Ocean Basins" Harry H. Hess The discovery of Palaeomagnetism The Discovery of Palaeomagnetism and Acceptance of Continental Drift Palaeomagnetism The Palaeomagnetism of the British Isles Patrick M. S. Blackett Polar Wandering Palaeomagnetism of the World Polar Reversals Seafloor magnetism Vine and Matthews Proof and Acceptance Tuzo Wilson The Cambridge Conclave Sykes and Transform Faults Fossil Evidence 'Continental Drift' v 'Plate Tectonics' The Geography of the Prehistoric World Palaeogeography World-view Palaeography Triassic Overview The British Isles in the Triassic Jurassic Overview The British Isles in the Jurassic Cretaceous World View The British Isles in the Cretaceous Cenozoic World View The Himalayas The Mountains of Europe The Cretaceous Earth The Cretaceous Earth The Duration of the Cretaceous The Duration of the Cretaceous Boundaries of the Cretaceous The World During the Cretaceous The World during the Cretaceous Polar Forests Deccan Traps Chalk Seas The Environment of the Cretaceous The Environment of the Cretaceous The Appearance of the World The High Sea Level Climate and the High Temperature The Marine Environment of the Cretaceous The Cretaceous Marine Environment of Portsdown Hill Fossils Fossils Introductory Wiffle Historical background Why Study Fossils? Preservation - How fossils are formed Fossil Classifications Living and Feeding Habitats Feeding methods Fossils Found at Portsdown Fossils of Portsdown Echinoids Ammonites Belemnites Echinoids Echinoids Echinoidea Class Skeleton Morphology Spines Body Cavity Regular and Irregular forms Regular Echinoids Irregular Echinoids Ammonites Ammonites Introduction to Ammonoidea Reconstructing the life habit and anatomy Morphology Siphuncle Sutures Head Living Habits Belemnites Belemnites Morphology Bivalves Bivalves Brachiopods Brachiopods The Rocks of Portsdown The Rocks of Portsdown Hill The chalk of Portsdown Hill The Chalk of Portsdown Hill "chalk" v "Chalk" Chalk - a type of limestone Sedimentary rocks Limestone Carbonate rocks What makes Chalk? The varying hardness of chalk The lack of fossils in chalk The environment indicated by the chalk Worldwide Cretaceous Chalk The Coccoliths of Portsdown Hill The Coccoliths of Portsdown Hill Introduction to coccoliths Coccolithophore structure Coccolithophore Life (Style) Coccolithophore Death (and Chalk formation) The Geological significance of coccolithophores Coccolithophores today The Flints of Portsdown Hill The Flints from Portsdown Hill The principal derivation of flint Fossils of Flint and in Flint The Appearance of Flint on Portsdown Hill Flint - a type of Chert Flint meal Secondary derivations of Flint Where Portsdown flints are found today Structure The Rocks of Portsdown Hill The geological structure of Hampshire Periods The geological structure of Hampshire Early Interpretation Comparisons with the South West of England The Variscan orogeny Structures trending approximately East-West Structures trending approximately north-west - south-east Stratigraphy Portsdown in Southern England in the UK Chalk Stratigraphy in the UK History Naming Stages The Boreal and Tethyan Realms The Boreal Realm The Tethyan Realm The Northern and Southern Provinces Fauna Migration Tectonics Chalk Rhythms in the Chalk Milankovich Cycles Evidence in the Chalk Biostratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous or Southern England or Portsdown BioStratigraphy Historical Framework Zone markers Correlation Fossils of the Chalk Biostratigraphy / Zonal Fossils of the Chalk Man's Use of Materials from Portsdown Hill General Chalk Flint Buildings from the materials of Portsdown Hill Buildings Guide to the Portsdown Hill site and design conventions Site Key and Guide Conventions used in the presentation of the "Geology of Portsdown Hill" website Design approach used while authoring the "Geology of Portsdown Hill" website Glossary for the geology of Portsdown Hill Glossary for the Geology of Portsdown Hill Taxonomic Classifications Organism classification and names Taxonomy Relevance to Fossils Classifications Species to Orders Species Genus Family Order Class to Kingdom Class Phylum Kingdom Defining the Hierarchy Evolutionary Taxonomy Numerical Taxonomy Cladism Orbital Forcing - the Milankovich Cycles Croll-Milankovich Cycles and Climate Change Eccentricity Precession Axial tilt The Classification of Geological Time Classification of Geological Time Time Units Boundaries History The 18th Century A First Attempt, 1759 The 19th Century The 20th Century Present Framework Geological Time Units Geological Eons, Eras and Periods Eons Eras The Palaeozoic The Mesozoic The Cenozoic Periods The geology of Portsdown Hill Cretaceous and Cenozoic Epochs Cretaceous Epochs Cenozoic Epochs Upper Cretaceous Chalk Stratigraphy British Cretaceous Chalk Major events in the development of the science of geology Geological Events Local Links relating to Portsdown Hill Links relating to Portsdown Hill The Gosport Museum The Fareham ("Westbury Manor") Museum Palmerston Forts Society Portsdown Tunnels Friends of Portsdown Hill Links relating to the geology of Portsdown Hill Links relating to the Geology of Portsdown Hill Sources I used for the geology of Portsdown Hill Sources for finding out about the Geology of Portsdown Hill Palaeogeography Cretaceous Coccoliths Flints Chalk Stratigraphy Geological Time Periods Taxonomy and Evolution Milankovich Acknowledgments for help with the geology of Portsdown Hill Acknowledgements Geological Help General help Specific page help Web Design Help Contacts page about Portsdown Hill Contacts return to top For any comments, suggestions or contributions, please e-mail me at: hilma@hilma.freeserve.co.uk
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Table of Contents for The Geology Of Portsdown Hill