The Creationist View

The Real Facts Prove - The Bible Is Right - And Continental Drift Is Wrong
The Geological Evolutionists Loose!

By Bruce D. McKay - Elijah

The quarrel between Christianity and the 'carnal reason' of man is, of course, as old as Christianity itself. It has taken different forms in different ages. In that regard, you should be aware of how the facts on continental drift stacked up, as reported just sixty years ago:

"Oceanic geology is in the midst of a revolution. All the data gathered over the past 30 years 60 years - the soundings of the deep ocean, the samples and photographs of the bottom, the measurements of heat flow and magnetism - are being reinterpreted according to the concept of continental drift and two new concepts: sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics (the notion that the earth's crust consists of plates that are created at one edge and destroyed at the other). Discoveries are made and interpretations developed so often that the scientific literature cannot keep up with them; they are reported by preprint and wandering minstrel. At such a time any broad synthesis is likely to be short-lived, yet so many diverse observations can now be fitted into a coherent picture that it seems worthwhile to present it.

Before continental drift, sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics captured the imagination of geologists, most of them conceived the earth's crust as being a fairly stable layer enveloping the earth's fluid mantle and core. The only kind of motion normally perceived in this picture was isostasy: the tendency of crustal blocks to float on a plastic mantle. The horizontal displacement of any geologic feature by as much as 100 kilometers was considered startling. This view is no longer consistent with the geological evidence. Instead each new discovery seems to favor sea-floor spreading, continental drift and plate tectonics. These concepts are described elsewhere in this book . . ."

Menard, H. W., The Deep-Ocean Floor, Sept 1969, in Continents Adrift by Wilson, J.

Tuzo, Ed., (Readings from Scientific American,) W. H. Freeman and Co, 1972, page 79.

According to plate tectonics the earth's crust is divided into huge segments afloat on the mantle. When such a plate is in motion on the sphere of the earth, it describes a circle around a point termed the pole of rotation, (not to be confused with the entire earth's pole of rotation). But the profound geological effects are said to come from convection forces.

Now comes the observation that what the geologists may have been deceived and they have been leading the everyone into viewing the ancient earth, incorrectly. Their thinking was, the continents have all moved due to "convection currents in the Earth's mantle!" As if the continents drifted apart. Their claim also - is that there was one large super continent as shown at the top on the left - and that immense continental mass is viewed as once floating all together - on an ocean covered mantle!

In reality, if the whole surface of the ancient earth was initially covered or completely composed of most of the continents as we know them today, then continental drift begins to make sense! When you take away the vast oceans, yet keep the super continent in the form of a shell over the mantle, without an ocean covered world, then the whole world can be flattened out to look more like that shown at the right! And as the inner mantle rapidly expanded, it would release vast fountains of water, cause each of the continents to move into their respective places as we find them today.

What needs to be done is, some of the "earth geology animators" need to start thinking in terms making known the views at right, which indicate that the mantle of the ancient earth began rapidly expanding! Then the forces of "Continental Drift" actually make sense, because that would provide the forces needed, from the very rapid release of millions of tons of compressed matter from within mantle. And, such an event would of course release tons of oxygen and hydrogen atoms, rapidly flowing upward as enormous fountains of water and the release of other highly charged materials, in all, overtaking the entire world as an enormous flood.

Moreover, I am sure you are aware that modern day scientists have reported that the earth's mantle is mostly composed of tightly compressed atoms of oxygen, hydrogen, silica, and other small molecules. Hence, if the sudden release of vast quantities of matter rapidly flooded upward, in the form of highly charged waters and other silica based or carbon saturated compounds, it would seem to me that this would clearly account for a rapidly expanding mantle - and this would of course be sufficient to cause the continents to shift or move around. There movement would also be limited by the stabilizing effects of isostatic equilibrium, which would understandably, leave the major continents in a state of balance as we find them today! Immediately, this solves how so many animals were encased in rock. In areas such as the Agate Spring Quarry of Nebraska, as many as one hundred bones per square foot are found. It explains how the bones of a complete fossil whale were found in the Lauentide Hills near Montreal-Qubecec, at more than five hundred feet above sea level. And it clarifies even the greater of world-wide problem, that of the global spreading of biological species. It brief, the species only appear to have "crossed the oceans," since it is the oceans that moved into place. This is why one and the same species of snakes, turtles and lizards exist on the continents of Africa and South America, for example, whose ancestors could not exist as such, according to the vast geological time frame! Nor could species like these have conceivably ever swam across the vast gulf that exists between the continents now!

"As long ago as 1854, gravity measurements led geologists to suspect that the earth's crust floats on a denser material," writes Don L. Anderson. "The idea that the earth becomes plastic - if not, indeed, liquid, goes back to the earliest days of geology." The enormous cracks and folds found in the earth's crust to this day, all suggest a lowered rigidity in the material near the top of the mantle."
(Anderson, Don L., "The plastic Layer of the Earth's Mantle," Scientific American, July 1962.)

According to earlier authorities, when they attempted to address the "Universal Deluge" in an intelligible way - they turned to a 'Compass' set on the face of the Abyss. Now, please take careful note as to how the word "compass" is used in the eleventh chapter of II Esdras.

⁴⁰ And the fourth came, and overcame all the beasts that were past, and had power over the world with great fearfulness, and over the whole compass of the earth with much wicked oppression; and so long time dwelt he upon the earth with deceit.
⁴¹ For the earth hast thou not judged with truth.
⁴² For thou hast afflicted the meek, thou hast hurt the peaceable, thou hast loved liars, and destroyed the dwellings of them that brought forth fruit, and hast cast down the walls of such as did thee no harm."
II Esdras 11:40-42

"We render it 'Compass,'" explained Thomas Burnet, but "the word signifies a Circle or Circumference, or an Orb, or Sphere. So there was in the beginning of the world, a Sphere, Orb or Arch set around the Abysse . . ." according to notes in the book of Wisdom. "And this shows us both the form of the Mosaical Abysse, which was included within this Vault, (i.e., the earth's mantle), and the form of the habitable Earth, which was this outward surface of this Vault, or the cover of the Abysse, that was broken up by the deluge." (Burnett, Thomas, The Sacred Theory of the Earth, 2nd ed., London, 1691, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale, Illinois, page 78.)

And the exact same word was used by Jesus in Matthew 23:15. 15"Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For ye compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, ye make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves." Jesus was evidently referring to their making wrong judgments in a deliberate manner. While the proselytes were left to make "their wrong judgments," without being in the least bit aware that they were all being made, in error! The exact passage is "the burden which Habakkuk the prophet did see."

²"O LORD, how long shall I cry, and thou wilt not hear! even cry out unto thee of violence, and thou wilt not save!
³Why dost thou shew me iniquity, and cause me to behold grievance? for spoiling and violence are before me: and there are those that raise up strife and contention.
⁴Therefore the law is slacked, and judgment doth never go forth: for the wicked doth compass about the righteous; therefore wrong judgment proceedeth."
Habakkuk 1:2-4

Should you in the least way continue to doubt the real validity of the solution to the problem as stated above, perhaps you don't know that Curvier of France, the early founder of modern geology, always maintained that great catastrophes had taken place on this earth in the past, "repeatedly changing sea beds into continents and continents into sea beds." Certainly Curvier is one of the major founders of the science of geology, and based on his observing different animal remains in the various levels of the earth, he concluded that the catastrophes must have annihilated life in vast areas, leaving the ground for other forms of life, but he could not find the cause of these cataclysms. He saw in their traces "the problem in geology it is (as) of (the) most importance to solve." In other words, the massive release of matter from within the mantle is indeed, "a sufficient cause" and it readily explains what was the most annihilating catastrophe of them all. And that was the flooding of the entire world, which is better known today as "the Genesis Flood."

At one time in the not too distant past, a vast, massive wall of super charged silica, heavily laden with hydrogen and other highly charged molecules, slammed into the 93,000 acres that is now in America, and known as the Petrified Forest National Park in Arizona. It was something on the order of a massive, rapidly moving mudslide. Clouds of super cold gasses accumulated at its leading edges. The silicon based mud slide, was so rich in hydrogen atoms that it literally sucked up every available oxygen atom that it came in contact with. Rapidly, it covered the "crocodile-like reptiles; giant, fish-eating amphibians; and small dinosaurs [that] lived among a variety of ferns, cycads, and other plants and animals." It left all these just as they are now found, and we only know of them "as fossils today."

Perhaps the hardest hit were "the tall trees, Araucarioxylon, Woodworthia and Schilderia," all these fell as one, or all at the same time. And then they were all pushed along, leaving the appearance that they were somehow "washed [along] by swollen streams into the floodplain." In reality, they were all very rapidly covered over by massive tons of highly charged "silt, mud, and volcanic ash." So much highly charged volcanic ash had dropped out of the sky that this formed a vast "blanket of deposits," which very rapidly pulled the internally held "oxygen" from the cells of all the swiftly fallen trees. In other words, there was nothing that "slowed the logs' decay!" Instead, what was left of the giant trees, came to be very rapidly subjected to the "silica-bearing," [very highly charged, if you will, super charged] "ground waters" and this very, very rapidly moved, or "seeped through the logs," moving from cell to cell very swiftly, "bit by bit," and it very rapidly "encased the original wood tissues with silica deposits." It did not happen "slowly!" It was very, very rapid and as this overall "process continued, the silica crystallized into the mineral quartz, and the logs were preserved," leaving over 93,533 acres of silicon filled remnants of six massive, sub-tropical forests!

Nor does it take a massive amount of imagination to recognize that the vast coal deposits of the so-called "Mississippian and the Pennsylvanian ages" actually have their origins in millions of tons of vegetative tundra being rapidly uplifted! Then all of it was laid down and covered over in much the same manner as the petrified logs, but this time it was an abundance of carbon that was being pressed into all the cells! Given the fact that there were step wise changes in the overall levels of radiation being released as these events occurred - the "Mississippian" and the "Pennsylvanian" are not vast geological ages at all! Nor have ever been any "vast geological ages." None indeed, they were strictly, VERY RAPIDLY OCCURING EVENTS that actually took place in the quite recent past history of this earth! And as rapidly as this explains the step-wise changes in radioactive values, it also explains such terms as those that created the series of canyons that now form what is known as "The Grand Canyon," as well as the frozen Mammoths of Siberia, the petrified log laden islands of Siberia, and the vast, millions upon millions of pounds of bone laden phosphate taken from the immense phosphate pits of Florida.

Moreover, the very same forces readily explain the "skeletons of birds and of land animals in the rocks." According to Immanuel Velikovsky, they are all "presumed to have belonged to animals that waded close to the shore of the sea in shallow water, died while wading, and were covered by sediment BEFORE FISH DESTROYED THE CADAVERS OR THE WATER SEPARATED THE BONES OF THEIR SKELETONS." Certainly, they were all overtaken by a very widespread, global catastrophe - rather than some slow and steady process. In many areas were the earth's surface had become soft, due to an inland lake, or a series of lakes, this is were mountains suddenly pushed skyward, taking sedimentary rocks upward with them in the process. Or as Velikovsky once put it, "sedimentary rock covers high mountains and the highest of all, the Himalayas. Shells and skeletons of sea animals are found there, on the highest mountain peaks all over the world. This fish swam over these areas that are now mountains! So what caused the mountains to rise?" Surely no one has been able to claim that all the highest mountains - with their fish skeletons and sea animals on the very tops - were somehow caused to move upward by a slow and steady process! So now it becomes evident that, the fathers, wrongly discredited the Bible - and they were simply attempting to deprive it of all unique and peculiar authority, so as to place it on a level with other merely human documents.

"Not long ago in a geological sense, the flat plain from New Jersey to Florida was under the sea. THE OCEAN SURF BROKE DIRECTLY ON THE OLD APPLACHIAN MOUNTAINS. Previously the south eastern part of the mountain structure had sunk below the sea, and become covered with a layer of sand and mud, thickening seaward. The wedge-like mass of marine sediments was then uplifted and cut into by rivers, giving the Atlantic coastal plain of the United States. Why was it uplifted? To the westward are the Appalachians. The geologist tells us of the stressful times when a belt of rocks extending from Alabama to Newfoundland was jammed, thrust together, to make this mountain system. Why? How was it done? In former times the sea flooded the region of the Great Plains from Mexico to Alaska, and then withdrew. Why this change?"
R. A. Daly, Our Mobile Earth, 1962, page 90.

The answer is that the wedge-like mass of marine sediments that now forms the coastal plain of the United States, was suddenly uplifted - by the same internal forces that pushed the mountains skyward in other areas of the globe, and the massive runoffs flowed like rivers.

So it is that we find everything from ice encased mammoths, with tens of thousands of other frozen animals "overcome in midsummer by a cold blast with temperatures lower than minus 150 degrees," (Dillow, Joseph C., The Waters Above, Chicago: Moody Press, 1981, page 396), to miles and miles of sea floors filled with splendidly preserved fishes, and rocks with the skeletons of even birds and complete land animals. All that is what remains - of what was at one time rapidly covered by newly released matter, and that matter now appears to us as mere sediment. It was laid down and it immediately hardened so fast, that no fish were there to destroy the cadavers, and no normal waters ever had a chance to separate the skeletal bones! Yet the theory of evolution, traced back to Aristotle, and the teaching of Lamarck in the days of Culver and Darwin, has always held that no widespread catastrophes have ever disrupted the supposed 'slow and steady process.' Hence, "the fathers" had it all wrong and evolution is not what took place.

Still unconvinced? If the concept of the earth's mantle expanding is incorrect, how did it otherwise happen that sedimentary rocks came to cover high mountains, and they are even found on the Himalayans, the highest of all. And not only rocks are found there, but also the shells and skeletons of marine life. Surely, it is true that the forces of an expanding mantle, in many cases, broke through those areas weakened by way of their being inland seas teaming with fishes - and the expanding matter below the surface caused the mountains to rise. In fact, the same forces pushing from within and twisting on the sides is the only possible explanation for the birth of the Cordilleras, as well as the Himalayans, and it moved the once flat plain from New Jersey to Florida, which was once under the sea. When the Appalachian Mountains went upward, the ocean surf rolled back, and this entire wedge like layer of sand and mud, once thickening seaward rapidly shifted. The run off created the "Natural Chimneys of Virginia," and the "Natural Bridge of Virginia," as well as thrusting and jamming together the other rock belts from Alabama to Newfoundland. It also left behind the fossil filled caves that exist today, twenty miles or so inland, along the Florida panhandle.

Still don't believe the earth's mantle expanded and released such great fountains? Well last but surely not least it also solves the whole problem of how all the mountain ranges in the world came to be tangentially compressed - and why they are all like that, all over the entire world. I mean, what the geologists could never explain about mountain making centered on how the mountains of today are "composed of tangentially compressed and over thrust rocks that indicate scores of miles of circumferential shortening in the Earth's crust."

The answer is simply, that the fathers had it all wrong and the Continents were floating on a much smaller mantle - and the earth's current mantle actually expanded so much that it caused a great amount of horizontal compression to occur, so much that entire mountain ranges all became much more flattened out as the earth's mantle expanded. Hence, re- read what was noted by F. K. Mather in his "Review of Biography of the Earth," by G. Gamnow, (Science, January 16, 1942.) "Radical shrinkage is woefully inadequate to cause the observed amount of horizontal compression. There-in lies the real perplexity of the problem of mountain-making. Geologists have not yet found a satisfactory escape from this dilemma." Ergo, herein is the solution to the "real perplexity of mountain making." The earth's mantle, very rapidly expanded, so as to produce those areas now know as the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, and the India Ocean, and these areas yet hold that vast amount of newly formed waters, that once covered the entire earth . . . just as it has always been described in the book of Genesis. In the final analysis it becomes evident that it is time to correct what the Fathers have done. After all, the Bible was correct all along. It is proven to by this to be a unique and peculiar authority, and it is clearly not on a level with other merely human documents.